Phishing websites are a major cybersecurity threat that can deceive users into revealing sensitive information. This study investigates the use of machine learning for phishing URL detection using the LegitPhish dataset, which contains URL-based structural and lexical features. Logistic Regression and Random Forest models were trained and evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC. […]
Vol. 12 (9) 2026
Smoking among college students is a significant public-health concern involving both behavioral and physical aspects of nicotine dependence. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess smoking behavior and nicotine dependence among 253 college students using the Glover–Nilsson Smoking Behavioral Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). The mean GN-SBQ score was 15.25 ± […]
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles (approximately 30–150 nm) that naturally transport proteins, lipids and nucleic acids between cells. Their biological membrane, intrinsic cellular uptake and potential biocompatibility have made them attractive candidates for therapeutic delivery, offering a biological alternative to synthetic nanocarriers such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, which can be limited by poor solubility, […]
RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising molecular technology for sustainable and environmentally compatible crop protection against diverse agricultural pests and pathogens. It relies on sequence-specific silencing of essential genes through double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), and has been explored against fungal pathogens, insect pests, nematodes, viruses and other disease-causing organisms. […]
The increasing demand for biopharmaceuticals—such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, and viral vectors—requires flexible, highly productive manufacturing platforms that ensure consistent product quality and resource efficiency. Process intensification addresses these needs by accelerating processing times and maximizing infrastructure utilization across upstream and downstream operations. Key developments include intensified fed-batch cultivation, high-density perfusion, advanced clarification, fiber- […]
Climate change and rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere are among the major environmental challenges the world is facing today. Agriculture can be a potential solution for this problem by promoting sequestration and long term storage of atmospheric carbon in the soil. The soil is a significant carbon reservoir and improved carbon […]
The human gut microbiome is an ecological community comprising bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and their genetic elements that interact with the host. This ecosystem contributes to intestinal barrier maintenance, nutrient transformation, immune regulation, colonization resistance, and metabolic signalling. Microbial disturbance, or dysbiosis, is associated with gastrointestinal, metabolic, inflammatory, neurological, and malignant diseases. Consequently, research is […]
The present survey-based research paper evaluates knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among 288 student respondents. AMR is a major public health concern because inappropriate antibiotic exposure can contribute to the selection and spread of resistant microorganisms. Previous KAP studies have shown that awareness of AMR does not always […]
Laboratory biosafety is essential for preventing occupational exposure, contamination, and laboratory-associated risks. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices (KAP) related to laboratory biosafety among biotechnology and allied life-science students and identified areas requiring improvement in biosafety education. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among students from higher education institutions in the Mumbai […]
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has emerged as a promising technology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, offering the ability to fabricate complex biological structures through the controlled deposition of cells, biomaterials, and bioactive components. This review discusses recent developments in 3D bioprinting with particular emphasis on bioprinting technologies, bioink development, stem-cell integration, and their applications in […]
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in almost every major cellular process. Proteins interact with one another to regulate signalling, gene expression, metabolism, trafficking, and the formation of multiprotein complexes. Understanding these interactions is therefore important for explaining normal cell function and the molecular basis of disease. A wide range of methods is available for studying […]
Postbiotics are preparations of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components conferring biological activity without microbial viability. Their non-viability offers distinct advantages in safety, stability, shelf life, manufacturing consistency, and formulation flexibility. Strain selection, fermentation, inactivation method, composition, dose, and delivery matrix strongly influence their immunomodulatory and biomodulatory properties. Evidence indicates postbiotics interact with pattern-recognition receptors, regulate […]